In the fourth quarter of 2024, POSCO Holdings Inc. reported a consolidated revenue of KRW 17.8 trillion and a net loss of KRW 428.4 billion, impacted by persistent challenges stemming from the oversupply in the Chinese steel market and a global downturn in essential mineral prices due to weak electric vehicle (EV) market growth. Management expressed concerns over the ongoing operational headwinds, particularly highlighting the adverse effects of high initial operating costs in newly established battery materials plants. Despite these challenges, POSCO aims to position itself through strategic investments, particularly in overseas markets and essential minerals, while enhancing operational efficiency amidst a highly competitive environment. Specifically, the strategic focus is on innovative cost restructuring and maintaining financial agility in response to evolving market dynamics.